F Phrygian dominant

The phrygian dominant scale combines dominant function with the dark color of a Phrygian ♭2. The result is a powerful, high-tension sound with clear directional pull. In the harmonic minor modal system, it is the 5th mode.

Construction and formula

The formula is 1-♭2-3-4-5-♭6-♭7, with step pattern H-W+H-H-W-H-W-W. In E phrygian dominant, the notes are E-F-G♯-A-B-C-D. Compared with Mixolydian (1-2-3-4-5-6-♭7), both 2 and 6 are lowered to ♭2 and ♭6.

The key signature color comes from the combination of major 3 and minor 2. That interval contrast gives the mode both dominant clarity and an unmistakably exotic edge.

Musical usage

Phrygian dominant is widely used over V7 chords in minor keys, especially in jazz, fusion, and Mediterranean or flamenco-influenced language. It is also commonly called Spanish dominant in many practical contexts.

Melodically, emphasizing 3, ♭2, and ♭6 defines the mode quickly. Harmonically, it is strongest when those tensions resolve intentionally into target tones on the next chord.